Cook pasta according package directions until al dente. Drain, toss with a touch of olive oil (if desired, this will prevent pasta from sticking) and set aside.
To a large resealable bag or bowl, add chicken, ¼ cup flour, 1 teaspoon salt, 1 teaspoon pepper, 1 teaspoon garlic powder, and 1 teaspoon onion powder. Seal bag and shake well to make sure chicken is fully coated in flour mixture. If using a bowl, toss chicken to ensure it is fully coated. Set aside.
In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Transfer chicken breasts to skillet and cook for about 5-7 minutes per side, or until golden brown and cooked through. Transfer chicken to a plate, cover to keep warm, and set aside.
In the same skillet, add 2 tablespoons of butter and mushrooms. Sauté mushrooms for about 5 minutes, or until softened. Stir in shallots and minced garlic and cook for 1-2 minutes.
Add the remaining 3 tablespoons of flour and 3 tablespoons of butter to skillet, stirring until melted and combined. Add marsala wine and cook for 2 minutes.
Add chicken broth, parsley, Worcestershire sauce, ½ teaspoon salt, ½ teaspoon black pepper, ½ teaspoon garlic powder, ½ teaspoon onion powder, and dried thyme. Bring to boil, reduce heat to low simmer for 3-4 minutes, or until sauce is thickened.
Stir in heavy cream, return chicken to skillet, and simmer for 2-3 minutes, or until chicken is warmed through. Remove from heat and adjust seasonings, if needed. Pour the sauce over the pasta and place chicken on top. Serve immediately.